Investigations in the spotlight as sexual harassment laws strengthen

The legal framework around workplace sexual harassment has tightened once again. Alongside the duty introduced under the Worker Protection Act in October 2024, the Employment Rights Act, now in force, has raised expectations further, most notably, from next October, moving the standard from taking reasonable steps to taking all reasonable steps to prevent sexual harassment. That shift matters. It sharpens scrutiny on what happens when concerns are raised and puts the spotlight on the investigation that follows. We’ll speak to an employment lawyer about workplace harassment investigations and who should conduct them.

But the move to all reasonable steps isn’t the only change ahead. Under the Employment Rights Act, sexual harassment will be explicitly recognised within the whistleblowing framework from April 2026, giving stronger protection to those who raise concerns. From October 2026, employer liability for harassment by third parties will also be reintroduced, alongside the higher standard requiring employers to take all reasonable steps to prevent sexual harassment. Taken together, those reforms point in one clear direction: greater scrutiny of how employers respond to complaints, and much higher expectations around the seriousness, fairness and independence of investigations.

That matters particularly where complaints involve senior individuals, sensitive allegations, or reputational risk. Poorly handled investigations - ones that appear rushed, conflicted or defensive -  can undermine trust, fuel whistleblowing concerns and expose employers to wider legal challenge.

Against that backdrop, more employers are questioning whether their human resources departments should be fulfilling this function, or whether there is a need to establish a separate, more independent process that reports directly to the senior leadership or board. To that end, we’ve noticed a definite trend, with firms increasingly engaging their lawyers to conduct the investigation rather than relying on a purely internal process which would be the usual choice in a misconduct case. 

So, let’s hear more about that. Earlier I spoke to employment lawyer Sarah Munro who has noticed the trend:

Sarah Munro: “It’s an interesting development really that we're seeing, Joe. In the years I've been doing employment law we have helped clients with lots of complex and sensitive investigations that they have carried out within their organisations. We've been on hand to help guide them through legal issues and help ensure that the investigations they're conducting are as fair and reasonable as possible so that they are used properly to defend any future employment tribunal claims. But recently clients have been asking us, can you help? Can you, as a lawyer, come into our organisation and conduct these investigations for us?”

Joe Glavina: “Why are clients asking you to conduct the investigation rather than handle it internally themselves?”

Sarah Munro: “It’s a fair question and something that we've really had to think very carefully about before embarking on conducting any investigations for an existing client. The reason why we think it is something that clients are asking us to do is because they are nervous when it involves very senior individuals in the organisation, very serious complaints, potentially of sexual harassment, or other forms of discrimination. They want to be as protected as possible and in order to do that they feel having a lawyer in to help with that is the way forward. We need to make sure that with an existing client and the relationship we have that we don't overstep our existing client relationship and that's where we can put measures in place, and have done very successfully, where the lawyer who has the relationship with the client stays and advises the client as he or she would have done in the past, but a different lawyer from perhaps a different office, somebody who has not been on that claim team, they can step in and conduct an impartial investigation as a lawyer and therefore we can really assist a client in a helpful way where we have somebody impartially looking at it, and then the existing client relationship continues with one of our lawyers who has a relationship advising on any issues that crop up.”

Joe Glavina: “Pinsent Masons has access to its own D&I consultancy which could, in theory, help with this kind of work, Sarah. So you’ve got the consultancy and legal input, potentially.” 

Sarah Munro: “Yes, Brook Graham, as you say, our in-house D&I consultancy, can help and will help with investigations. Sometimes the nature of the investigation might lend itself more to one of the Brook Graham consultants conducting the investigation and, again, Pinsent Masons may advise on the legal side of it and Brook Graham may focus on an investigation that has a more cultural aspect, and less of the legal aspects to a complaint. Brook Graham also can really help after an investigation. So, perhaps the investigation has uncovered a real issue with bullying and harassment, for example, in a workplace. Brook Graham have an excellent track record of going into organisations and really helping change an organisation's culture and make it better, and therefore acting really in a preventative way to stop complaints, like the one that has been investigated, cropping up again in the future.”

Joe Glavina: “Why do you think we have seen a rise in the number of questions we’ve had on this, Sarah?” 

Sara Munro: “The increase in the number of questions we've had on this, I think, stems from the fact there has been an awful lot in the press about whistleblowing, and investigations, and sexual harassment in the workplace, and I think employees are becoming more confident in speaking up and raising concerns. This then results in an organisation having to deal with more of these complaints either through their normal grievance channels, or whistleblowing complaints, and they need to have that resource within their organisation to deal with them all. We are seeing an increased number of complaints, which results in an increased number of investigations, and often investigations into serious issues, and at a very senior level, and that is why organisations are looking externally to see who else can help not only from a resource perspective but also to ensure that the investigation covers all legal angles, ensures the reputation of the company remains intact, but also very importantly, gives both the person who's made the complaint and the person accused of potentially some very serious allegations, that they feel they've been fairly heard and have had a thorough and detailed investigation into the issues that have been raised.”

If you would like help with an investigation, or you’d like to know more about how and why a lawyer might help or, indeed, a D&I consultancy like Brook Graham, please do contact Sarah. Her details are there on the screen for you.